{"id":14420,"date":"2024-06-19T17:35:07","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T15:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transparency.mk\/?p=14420"},"modified":"2024-06-20T11:14:25","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T09:14:25","slug":"making-the-western-balkans-safe-for-whistleblowers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transparency.mk\/en\/2024\/06\/19\/making-the-western-balkans-safe-for-whistleblowers\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the Western Balkans safe for whistleblowers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Across the region, Transparency International chapters and partners are supporting courageous whistleblowers who face retaliation for exposing wrongdoing. They are using their cases to advocate for stronger laws and effective enforcement, so citizens in Western Balkans can speak out in safety.<\/em><\/p>\n

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In 2020, Milenko Jovanovi\u0107, Head of Air Control at Serbia\u2019s Environmental Protection Agency, publicly\u00a0opposed<\/a>\u00a0the agency\u2019s decision to change the criteria for measuring air quality, which was made by the acting director to potentially hide the true pollution levels by making them seem less severe. This would prevent Serbia\u2019s capital, Belgrade, from featuring among the world\u2019s most polluted cities. Shortly after speaking out, Jovanovi\u0107 was\u00a0fired<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The agency claimed he was dismissed for inadequately maintaining air quality measuring stations, but when Belgrade\u2019s High Court ruled that it should reinstate him while the dispute was resolved, the director\u00a0abolished his post<\/a>. Unable to resume his job after blowing the whistle, he approached Transparency International Serbia\u2019s Advocacy and Legal Advice Centre (ALAC) for help.<\/p>\n

This\u00a0ALAC<\/a>\u00a0is part of a\u00a0network<\/a> run by Transparency International chapters and partners across the Western Balkans, offering free, confidential legal support to people who speak out against wrongdoing, often putting themselves at risk. They also use evidence from individual cases to advocate\u202ffor legal and cultural change to promote transparency and fight corruption.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Weak whistleblower protection: A regional failing<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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Effective protection for whistleblowers is essential for exposing corruption. People need to feel safe to speak up when they encounter wrongdoing \u2013 yet failure to protect whistleblowers is a problem across the Western Balkans. Transparency International\u2019s\u00a0regional report<\/a>\u00a0of the National Integrity Systems (NIS) shows weaknesses and gaps in whistleblower legislation. Few countries in the region\u00a0meet the standards<\/a>\u00a0required by the 2019 EU Whistleblower Protection\u00a0Directive<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a requirement under their EU accession process.<\/p>\n

Where strong whistleblower laws do exist, implementation is often weak and public awareness of the right to expose wrongdoing is low. In Serbia, poor treatment of whistleblowers like Jovanovi\u0107 has led to\u00a0declining numbers<\/a>\u00a0of whistleblower reports, yet his case shows how speaking up can drive positive change.<\/p>\n

Investigating further, ALAC staff realized the Serbia\u2019s Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s acting director was one of many senior civil servants appointed unlawfully without a fair process. Since 2015, he had been reappointed 20 times, despite the legal limit of six months for such appointments. In 2021, the ALAC challenged this practice through the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office. Finally, in 2023, the Administrative Court ruled that the government could not reappoint the director, making Jovanovi\u0107\u2019s dismissal unlawful.\u00a0TI Serbia<\/a>\u00a0has since challenged 50 more such appointments in court, even applying for their annulment in half the cases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Whistleblover Emir Me\u0161i\u0107 is challenging the BiH Prosecutor’s Office decision in the European Court of Human Rights. Photo: Transparency International Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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From \u201cspies\u201d to champions: Rebranding whistleblowers<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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Across the Western Balkans, the authorities rarely handle whistleblowing cases like Jovanovi\u0107\u2019s properly. The TI regional advisor Lidija Prokic points out that public prosecution systems often ignore the wrongdoing they expose, sometimes investigating the whistleblower rather than the alleged offence, while judicial systems are slow and may focus on minor offences. Some whistleblowing cases remain unresolved years later and serious cases involving senior decision makers rarely lead to sanctions.<\/p>\n

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, tax authority employee Emir Me\u0161i\u0107 reported corruption involving customs revenues to the Prosecutor\u2019s Office in 2018. The country\u2019s anti-corruption agency, APIK, granted him protected whistleblower status, but the authorities did nothing. After waiting almost two years, Me\u0161i\u0107 decided to speak publicly about the corruption he had uncovered \u2013 only to suffer extensive reprisals. Despite his protected status, he was demoted and suspended by the tax authority, so turned to\u00a0TI Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/a>\u00a0for help.<\/p>\n

The chapter\u2019s ALAC called on APIK to protect Me\u0161i\u0107, before providing full legal\u00a0support<\/a>\u00a0so he could challenge the reprisals in court. In response, the tax authority claimed he was damaging its reputation and in 2021 fired him. While the court case was underway, the Prosecutor’s Office decided not to investigate Me\u0161i\u0107\u2019s original report of corruption \u2013 similar decisions are documented in the NIS report on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Me\u0161i\u0107 is\u00a0challenging the decision<\/a>\u00a0in the European Court of Human Rights, supported throughout by TI Bosnia and Herzegovina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Overcoming fear of reprisals<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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Transparency International\u2019s NIS report gives fear of retaliation as the main reason people are reluctant to report wrongdoing. Yet in a region that discourages people from exposing corruption, whistleblowers are essential for raising the alarm when public money is spent for private gain.<\/p>\n

In Montenegro, where whistleblowers often face retaliation, the country\u2019s Agency for Prevention of Corruption (APC) offers little protection. Even within the APC, whistleblowers may not be safe. In 2023, Dusan Drakic, head of political finance, was suspended alongside nine colleagues after exposing the alleged misappropriation of funds by agency director Jelena Perovic. Transparency International\u2019s partner organisation in Montenegro,\u00a0MANS<\/a>, helped Drakic file a criminal\u00a0complaint<\/a>\u00a0against Perovic. The APC claimed the suspensions were over administrative disputes and denied Drakic whistleblower protection. When Perovic was finally\u00a0arrested<\/a>\u00a0in 2024 on suspicion of misappropriation of funds , she even\u00a0referred<\/a>\u00a0to the whistleblowers as \u201cspies\u201d. Although the employees who spoke up remain suspended, the case has raised public and media awareness of whistleblowers\u2019 vital role in upholding integrity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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After exposing misappropriation of funds Montenegro\u2019s Agency for Prevention of Corruption, whistleblower Dusan Drakic faced retaliation. Photo: Boris Pejovac<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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Evidence-based advocacy for effective whistleblower laws<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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To improve the situation, the NIS report\u00a0recommends<\/a>\u00a0that Balkan states align their whistleblower laws with the EU directive, covering reports on any breach of law and threat to the public interest. These laws should contain measures to ensure their effectiveness, including support for whistleblowers suffering retaliation and dissuasive penalties for violations of whistleblower protection.<\/p>\n

Transparency International\u2019s ALAC in North Macedonia is using a prominent case to advocate for effective whistleblower protection laws. In 2022, leading film director Milcho Manchevski approached the ALAC to report conflicts of interest in a competitive bid for funding from the National Film Agency. ALAC investigations confirmed his allegations, so staff held a\u00a0press<\/a>\u00a0conference in 2023 \u2013 the state anti-corruption authority also spoke out. When the film agency retaliated, filing a criminal complaint against Manchevski and withdrawing funding, the ALAC supported him in court.<\/p>\n

Although the government\u00a0dismissed<\/a>\u00a0the agency\u2019s director at the anti-corruption authority\u2019s request, Manchevski\u2019s case remains ongoing two years later. As part of a working group, preparing the recommendations for the in the new national Whistleblower\u00a0Protection Act<\/a>,\u00a0TI Macedonia<\/a>\u00a0is proposing robust protection measures, based in part on the testimony of whistleblowers including Manchevski.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Strong laws must be well enforced<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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Although Kosovo\u2019s legislation already aligns with the\u00a0EU directive<\/a>,\u00a0whistleblowing\u00a0<\/a>remains a little-known concept and people who expose wrongdoing can face\u00a0hostility<\/a>. In 2023, a public official\u202fmade an anonymous report to the ALAC of Democratic Institute of Kosovo (KDI<\/a>), describing a corrupt recruitment procedure at his institution. When the ALAC\u2019s investigation revealed numerous violations of labour laws, staff made an official complaint to the labour inspectorate and helped the whistleblower, who wishes to remain anonymous, appeal against the biased appointment. The inspectorate confirmed the violations and ordered the institution to re-advertise the job.\u202fThe whistleblower was selected on merit, but in 2024, the institution launched a disciplinary procedure against him, which he is challenging in court with legal support from the ALAC.<\/p>\n

The case has sparked a\u00a0debate<\/a>\u00a0in Kosovo, demonstrating how individuals can drive positive change through whistleblowing, providing a crucial public service. But it also shows that strong laws must be properly implemented to be effective \u2013 including support and safeguarding for whistleblowers throughout the reporting process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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From individual cases to regional change<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n
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Across the Western Balkans, cases like these are strengthening whistleblowing culture, encouraging people to report wrongdoing and defend their rights. Through legal assistance to information campaigns, advocacy work, providing recommendations and partnering in coalitions and working groups, Transparency International chapters and partners are committed to making sure that when citizens speak up, their voices are heard, and the law will protect them from retaliation.<\/p>\n

In the meantime, the region\u2019s ALACs continue to champion individual whistleblowers, while advocating for systemic change that nurtures a culture of speaking out against wrongdoing. This will enable people to expose corruption safely,\u202fknowing they have legal protection and public support.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Transparency International and our partners in the Western Balkans region supported the whistleblowers in these cases through\u00a0the project<\/a>\u00a0\u201cPromoting Active Citizen Engagement to Fight Against Corruption in South Eastern Europe\u201d (ACE), funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (Auswertiges Amt). Under the project, the Advocacy and Legal Advice Centres run by our chapters and partners have received over 4,000 citizen reports and carried out campaigns and advocacy at national and regional levels to promote effective anti-corruption and whistleblower protection measures across the region.<\/em><\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Source: Making the Western Balkans safe for whistleblowers<\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Across the region, Transparency International chapters and partners are supporting courageous whistleblowers who face retaliation for exposing wrongdoing. 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